Understanding Startup Equity Dilution
Dilution is an inevitable element of scaling a venture-backed startup. Understanding mathematical dilution allows founders to forecast ownership through Series A, B, and eventual exit liquidity events.
Key Dilution Mechanics
- Post-Money Formula: Pre-Money Valuation + Investment Amount = Post-Money Valuation.
- Investor Fraction: Investment Amount ÷ Post-Money Valuation = Investor Ownership Percentage.
- Option Pool Impact: Investors often require an unallocated 10% to 15% Employee Stock Option Pool (ESOP) created out of the pre-money valuation, increasing founder dilution.